What defines a "Counterattack" in military terms?

A "Counterattack" in military terms is fundamentally characterized by the action taken to regain lost ground or destroy enemy units following an initial enemy assault. This definition emphasizes the proactive response to an enemy offensive, aiming to not only reclaim territory but also to inflict damage on the opposing forces that have advanced.

In the context of combat, a counterattack is typically executed after the enemy has made gains, demonstrating a tactical maneuver to leverage the element of surprise, catch the enemy off guard, or exploit vulnerabilities created during their advance. This type of operation can serve to bolster the morale of friendly forces and disrupt enemy plans, regaining the initiative in the fight.

Other options do not accurately capture the essence of a counterattack. For example, launching an assault against one's own forces is not a recognized military maneuver and fails to align with standard tactical definitions. Holding positions while waiting for reinforcements describes a defensive posture rather than an active counteroffensive. Lastly, retreating strategically to regroup suggests a withdrawal rather than an immediate and aggressive response to an enemy action, which is contrary to the nature of a counterattack.